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Vacuum Distillation ASTM D1160
Vacuum Distillation ASTM D1160
Vacuum distillation is a technique used to distill high-boiling-point compounds at reduced pressure. This allows the distillation to occur at temperatures lower than their normal boiling points, preventing thermal decomposition of heat-sensitive components. The ASTM D1160 standard specifically addresses vacuum distillation of high-boiling-point petroleum products.
The sample is placed in a distillation flask connected to a vacuum pump to reduce the pressure inside the flask.A vacuum is applied to the system, significantly lowering the pressure. This reduces the boiling points of the components in the sample.The sample is heated gradually. Due to the reduced pressure, the components vaporize at lower temperatures than they would under atmospheric pressure. Vapors rise through the distillation column and condense in a condenser. The condensed fractions are collected in receivers at different temperatures. Temperatures are monitored at the vapor outlet and the distillation flask to ensure accurate data for determining boiling ranges.
- Vacuum distillation is used in refineries to separate heavy crude oil fractions into valuable products like lubricating oils, waxes, and asphalt without thermal cracking.
- Used for purifying heat-sensitive chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
- Key in producing feedstocks for further chemical processing, such as naphtha and other light fractions.
- Used to reclaim useful products from used oils, reducing waste and environmental impact.
- Lower Operating Temperatures
- Energy Efficiency
- Better Separation
- Versatility
Typically, 200 to 500 milliliters (mL) of the petroleum product is required for ASTM D1160 vacuum distillation.