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LC-Orbitrap
Types of Techniques
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
- Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (CIC)
- Ion Chromatography
- Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) / Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)
- Multi-Column Chromatography (MCC)
- LC-Orbitrap
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)
- Nano scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy
- Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)
- SEC-MALS
LC-Orbitrap
The Orbitrap is a type of mass analyzer used in mass spectrometry that combines high resolving power, mass accuracy, and sensitivity for the analysis of various compounds. It consists of an outer barrel-like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like electrode that traps ions in an orbital motion around the spindle. The Orbitrap is often coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) for separation and analysis of complex mixtures, forming the LC-Orbitrap technique. This technique is widely used in proteomics, metabolomics, environmental analysis, and various other fields.
In the Orbitrap, ions are injected tangentially into the space between the outer and inner electrodes. An electric field is then applied, which causes the ions to spiral around the central spindle in a complex orbital motion that also includes oscillations along the axis of the spindle. The frequency of these axial oscillations is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the ions. The image current produced by the oscillating ions is detected and processed using a Fourier transform, which converts the time-domain signal into a frequency spectrum. This frequency spectrum is then converted into a mass spectrum, providing the m/z values and relative abundances of the ions present in the sample.
- Characterization of aerospace materials and coatings
- Analysis of contaminants and residues in aerospace components
- Identification of unknown compounds in aerospace samples
- Analysis of automotive lubricants and fluids
- Characterization of automotive coatings and paints
- Identification of contaminants and additives in automotive products
- Structural elucidation of organic and inorganic compounds
- Analysis of reaction mixtures and intermediates
- Characterization of polymers and additives
- Analysis of electronic materials and components
- Characterization of coatings and encapsulants
- Identification of contaminants and impurities
- Analysis of explosives and propellants
- Characterization of chemical warfare agents
- Identification of unknown hazardous compounds
- Characterization of fuels and petrochemicals
- Analysis of catalysts and adsorbents
- Monitoring of energy-related processes
- Forensic analysis of trace evidence and unknown samples
- Identification of controlled substances and illicit drugs
- Analysis of counterfeit products and materials
- Characterization of phosphors and luminescent materials
- Analysis of coatings and encapsulants in LED devices
- Identification of impurities and contaminants
- Analysis of biomedical polymers and coatings
- Characterization of drug delivery systems
- Identification of contaminants and leachables
- Structural elucidation of drug molecules
- Analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and impurities
- Monitoring of drug metabolism and biotransformation
- Characterization of raw materials and additives
- Analysis of impurities and contaminants
- Identification of unknown components
- Characterization of semiconductor materials and thin films
- Analysis of surface contaminants and defects
- Identification of unknown compounds in semiconductor processing
- Analysis of optical fibers and coatings
- Characterization of magnetic recording media
- Identification of contaminants in data storage devices
- High resolving power (up to 1,000,000) for accurate mass analysis
- High mass accuracy (< 1-2 ppm with internal calibration)
- Wide dynamic range and high sensitivity
- Ability to analyze complex mixtures and identify unknown compounds
- Compatibility with various ionization sources and separation techniques
- For liquid samples analyzed by LC-Orbitrap, typical injection volumes range from 1 to 10 μL, with sample concentrations in the nanogram to microgram per milliliter range.
- Solid samples may require extraction or dissolution in a suitable solvent before analysis.
- The sample must be compatible with the chosen ionization source (e.g., electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) and the mobile phase used for LC separation.