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Infrared spectroscopy
Types of Techniques
- Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
- UV-Vis spectroscopy
- X-Ray fluorescence (XRF)
- Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
- Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (TRPL)
- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
- Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS)
- Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (Tof-SIMS)
- Spectrophotometer
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy
- ultra violet photoelectron spectroscopy
- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)
- Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry
- X-ray Reflectivity (XRR)
- Total Reflection-TXRF
- Ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS)
- Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)
- ToF Elestic Recoil Detection
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that measures the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection. It is widely used for the identification and structural characterization of organic and inorganic compounds, as well as the analysis of complex mixtures. The technique is based on the principle that molecules absorb specific frequencies of infrared radiation that correspond to the vibrational frequencies of the bonds within the molecule.
In IR spectroscopy, a sample is exposed to infrared radiation, and the transmitted, absorbed, or reflected radiation is measured. The infrared spectrum is a plot of the intensity of the absorbed or transmitted radiation against the frequency or wavelength of the radiation. The frequencies at which absorption occurs correspond to the vibrational frequencies of the bonds within the molecule. These vibrational frequencies are characteristic of the types of bonds present and their molecular environment, allowing for the identification of functional groups and the determination of structural information.
- Characterization of aerospace materials (composites, coatings, adhesives)
- Quality control of aerospace components
- Failure analysis of aerospace parts
- Analysis of automotive lubricants and fluids
- Characterization of automotive coatings and paints
- Identification of contaminants in automotive systems
- Structural elucidation of organic and inorganic compounds
- Analysis of reaction intermediates and products
- Monitoring of chemical processes
- Characterization of electronic materials and components
- Analysis of surface coatings and encapsulants
- Identification of contaminants and defects
- Detection and identification of chemical warfare agents
- Analysis of explosives and propellants
- Characterization of protective materials
- Analysis of fuels and petrochemicals
- Characterization of catalysts and adsorbents
- Monitoring of combustion processes
- Forensic analysis of trace evidence
- Identification of unknown materials
- Analysis of counterfeit products
- Characterization of LED materials and coatings
- Analysis of phosphors and luminescent materials
- Identification of impurities and defects
- Analysis of biomedical polymers and coatings
- Characterization of drug delivery systems
- Identification of contaminants in medical devices
- Structural elucidation of drug molecules
- Analysis of drug formulations and excipients
- Monitoring of pharmaceutical processes
- Identification and characterization of raw materials
- Quality control of raw material batches
- Detection of impurities and contaminants
- Characterization of semiconductor materials and thin films
- Analysis of surface contaminants and defects
- Monitoring of semiconductor processing steps
- Characterization of optical fibers and coatings
- Analysis of magnetic recording media
- Identification of contaminants in data storage devices
- Rapid and non-destructive analysis
- Applicable to a wide range of sample types (solids, liquids, gases)
- Provides structural and functional group information
- Highly sensitive to molecular structure and environment
- Complementary to other analytical techniques (NMR, mass spectrometry)
- For solid samples, a few milligrams (5-10 mg) of the material is typically required.
- For liquid samples, a few drops (0.1-1 mL) are sufficient.
- For gaseous samples, the required volume depends on the concentration of the analyte and the path length of the sample cell.