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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Types of Techniques
- Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
- UV-Vis spectroscopy
- X-Ray fluorescence (XRF)
- Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
- Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (TRPL)
- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
- Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS)
- Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (Tof-SIMS)
- Spectrophotometer
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy
- ultra violet photoelectron spectroscopy
- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)
- Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry
- X-ray Reflectivity (XRR)
- Total Reflection-TXRF
- Ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS)
- Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)
- ToF Elestic Recoil Detection
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify molecular species by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation by the sample. It is a powerful tool for material characterization, capable of analyzing solid, liquid, and gaseous samples. FTIR provides information about the chemical composition and molecular structure of the material under investigation.
FTIR operates on the principle of the interaction between infrared radiation and the vibrations of atoms in a molecule. When a sample is exposed to infrared light, certain frequencies of the light are absorbed, causing the molecular bonds to vibrate at specific frequencies. These vibrations are characteristic of the molecular structure and the types of bonds present in the sample.
The FTIR instrument uses an interferometer to modulate the infrared radiation, which is then passed through the sample. The interference pattern of the transmitted or reflected light is measured by a detector, and a mathematical process called the Fourier transform is applied to convert the interferogram into a spectrum. The resulting spectrum displays the intensity of absorption or transmission at different wavenumbers (or frequencies), which correspond to the vibrational frequencies of the molecular bonds in the sample.
- Characterization of composite materials
- Analysis of fuel and lubricants
- Failure analysis of components
- Analysis of engine oils and lubricants
- Characterization of plastics and elastomers
- Identification of contaminants and corrosion products
- Identification of chemical compounds
- Determination of functional groups
- Monitoring of chemical reactions
- Characterization of polymers and additives
- Analysis of surface coatings
- Failure analysis of electronic components
- Identification of explosives and propellants
- Analysis of chemical warfare agents
- Characterization of protective materials
- Analysis of fuels and biofuels
- Characterization of catalysts
- Monitoring of corrosion in pipelines
- Forensic analysis of fibers, paints, and coatings
- Identification of illicit drugs and narcotics
- Authentication of documents and artworks
- Characterization of phosphors and luminescent materials
- Analysis of encapsulants and coatings
- Identification of contaminants in LED devices
- Characterization of biomaterials and implants
- Analysis of drug delivery systems
- Identification of contaminants in medical devices
- Identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)
- Determination of drug polymorphism
- Analysis of excipients and impurities
- Identification of minerals and geological samples
- Characterization of raw materials for various industries
- Analysis of contaminants and impurities
- Characterization of semiconductor materials
- Analysis of thin films and coatings
- Identification of contaminants in semiconductor devices
- Characterization of optical fibers and cables
- Analysis of magnetic materials and coatings
- Identification of contaminants in data storage devices
- Non-destructive and requires minimal sample preparation
- Capable of analyzing a wide range of materials (solids, liquids, and gases)
- Provides qualitative and quantitative information about the chemical composition and molecular structure
- Offers high sensitivity and reproducibility
- Extensive libraries of reference spectra available for compound identification
- Can be combined with microscopy techniques for spatial analysis (FTIR microscopy)
- Samples in the form of Solid, liquid, thin films, Gel, and Powder can be analyzed.
- Solid – Minimum 5 mg.
- Liquid- minimum 5 ml.