Mail Us
ELISA
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a widely used analytical biochemistry assay that leverages the specificity of antibodies to detect and quantify substances such as proteins, peptides, antibodies, and hormones.
ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. The presence of a target antigen (or antibody) in a sample is detected using an enzyme-conjugated antibody. The enzyme catalyzes a colorimetric reaction that can be measured spectrophotometrically.
- Infectious Diseases: Detecting pathogens (e.g., HIV, hepatitis, COVID-19).
- Autoimmune Disorders: Measuring autoantibodies in conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Hormone Levels: Quantifying hormones like insulin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones.
- Cancer Markers: Detecting tumor markers (e.g., PSA for prostate cancer).
- Protein Quantification: Measuring the concentration of specific proteins in cell lysates or tissue extracts.
- Biomarker Discovery: Identifying and validating new biomarkers for diseases.
- Cytokine Profiling: Measuring cytokine levels in various biological fluids.
- Allergen Detection: Identifying food allergens (e.g., peanuts, gluten).
- Pathogen Detection: Testing for bacterial contaminants (e.g., Salmonella, E. coli).
- Toxin Detection: Measuring environmental toxins and pollutants.
- Pesticide Residues: Detecting pesticide residues in agricultural products.
- Drug Testing: Monitoring therapeutic drug levels and detecting anti-drug antibodies.
- Vaccine Development: Evaluating the immune response to vaccines.
- Capable of detecting low levels of analytes.
- High specificity due to the use of antibodies.
- Provides quantitative results.
- Applicable to a wide range of analytes.
- Suitable for screening large numbers of samples
Sample requirements for ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) include using clean and properly stored biological samples such as serum, plasma, or tissue homogenates, typically in volumes ranging from 50 µL to 100 µL per well. Samples should be stored at -20°C or -80°C to maintain stability and prevent degradation, with careful avoidance of repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Prior to use, samples may require centrifugation to remove particulates or filtration to eliminate debris. Standardizing sample preparation and handling procedures ensures consistency and reliability in ELISA results, critical for accurate quantification of target analytes in biomedical and research applications.