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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Types of Techniques
- Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
- UV-Vis spectroscopy
- X-Ray fluorescence (XRF)
- Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
- Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (TRPL)
- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
- Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS)
- Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (Tof-SIMS)
- Spectrophotometer
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy
- ultra violet photoelectron spectroscopy
- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)
- Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry
- X-ray Reflectivity (XRR)
- Total Reflection-TXRF
- Ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS)
- Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)
- ToF Elestic Recoil Detection
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), also known as Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), is a spectroscopic technique used to study materials with unpaired electrons, such as organic radicals, transition metal complexes, and certain defects in solids.
Principle
Applications
Advantages
Sample Requirement
Principle
- Magnetic Resonance: EPR exploits the interaction between unpaired electrons and an external magnetic field.
- Energy Absorption: When exposed to microwave radiation at a specific frequency, electrons in the sample absorb energy and move to higher energy states.
- Resonance Condition: The absorbed energy corresponds to the energy gap between the electron’s spin states and is influenced by the applied magnetic field strength.
Applications
- Chemical Analysis: Identifying and characterizing free radicals and paramagnetic species.
- Materials Science: Studying defects in crystals, semiconductors, and magnetic materials.
- Biomedical Research: Investigating biological molecules and their interactions with metal ions.
Advantages
- Sensitivity: Detects small concentrations of paramagnetic species.
- Non-destructive: Requires minimal sample preparation and can often be performed at ambient conditions.
- Quantitative: Provides quantitative information about the number of unpaired electrons and their environment.
Sample Requirement
- Paramagnetic Species: Must contain unpaired electrons (e.g., organic radicals, transition metal ions).
- Homogeneity: Ideally, the sample should be homogeneous to ensure accurate resonance signals.